MATHURA PRASAD v. UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

S.B. SINHA, J. Leave granted. !B Appellant was engaged as a casual labour in the year 1978 for a periodj of four months. He was posted in Ganj Basoda Station. Subsequently, he was: appointed at Bina Depot in the year 1981 and served upto 30.6.1982. He was! I appointed similarly on a few more occasions and was declared as a monthly1 rated casual labour in 1986. He was issued a service card wherein the details! of his service as a casual labour were recorded from time to time. Service Card! C contained the particulars of the places, number of days and the capacity in! which he had worked.

Pursuant to or in furtherance of a scheme ofregularization in 1989, hisi name was short-listed. The service card was sent for verification. A purported! D report dated 31.5.1990 was sent by an Electrical Foreman, Ganj Basoda challenging that· it was a fake one; whereupon a major penalty was imposed on him, inter alia, on the charges; firstly, his service card bearing No. 303774 was fake; and secondly, that he secured employment on the basis of the fakei ~~~ '

iE A departmental inquiry was initiated. The Inquiry Officer uponl considering the materials placed on records in his report, stated:- 1

"This employee worked with the Works Inspector (Pul) Beena. Hisj record was said to be at Beena with the IOW (East) but it came to bei known from there that the record 1.0.W. (M) was with the petitioner.I F Having gone there the matter was worked in to. There the full record j

of Works Inspector (Pul) Beena became available. I.O.W. (M) Vidishai gave it in writing that Shri Mathura Prasad S/o Babu Lal as per his! service card No. 303774 worked under the Works Inspector (Pul)/ Beena as canal Khalasi w.e.f. 30.6.81 to 18.7.81 who is mentioned atl S.No. 101 in the L.T.I. Register and at that time he was working under! G the Works Inspector (Pul) Beena K.L. Shridhaaran. NCMR Sheet wasl also seen. The n~me of the employee is mentioned in sheet No. 66253! of 18.7.81." i The disciplinary authority was, however, not satisfied with the report.j H It was sent it back to the Inquiry Officer under a demi-official letter datedl

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A 2.11.1993 stating:-

"You were nominated as enquiry officer in case of S-5 served to Shri Mathura Prasad, MRCL Khalasi on dated 5.7.90. You have submitted your enquiry report on 15.10.93, while going through enquiry report, it is not clear how you have come on the conclusion and you have given the final findings.

The file is being sent to you back. Kindly submit your report giving clear remarks about every points of charges framed in SF-5.

You are hereby advised to re-submit your enquiry report by enquiring properly to this office immediately."

Without any further inquiry and without giving any further opportunity of hearing to Appellant, the Inquiry Officer opined that the said service card was fake, stating:-

D "On 4.12.93 the perusal of the recl)rd of the matter of the A.R.E. Shri S.C. Upadhyaya also was made and it was given in writing to Shri l· Mathura Prasad S/o Babu Lal that the service card bearing No. 303774, the copy of which has been given on 3.3.92 has not been issued by the R.T.I. (Sec) Gunjbasoda but according to that your name has been showed against the T.I. of Phu lie at S.No. 8 in the L. T.I. Register which E has not been verified by any of the FRTI (Sec.) which is at page No. 64 and bears the signatures of the ARE and Mathura Prasad.

From this thing it transpires that the card No. 303774, which has been given to Mathura Prasad S/o Babu Lal, has not been issued by RTI (Sec.) Gunjbasoda. Therefore, this card is forged." F Relying on or on the basis of said purported report of the Inquiry Officer, punishment of removal from service was imposed by the disciplinary authority by an order dated 26/28.4.1994. The punishment of removal of service of Appellant was confirmed by an order dated 7. 7 .1994 passed by the Appellate Authority i.e. Upper Divisional Electrical Engineer, Bhopal. G Appellant filed an Original Application before the Central Administrative Tribunal, questionin.g the said order of the disciplinary authority as also the Appellate Authority. By a judgment and order dated 13,2.2001, the Tribunal allowed the said application and directed reinstatement of Appellant with consequential benefit but with 50% back-wages. The Tribunal arrived at the said conclusion on the premise that the disciplinary authority at the first

MATHURA PRASAD v. U.0.1. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 269 instance having differed with the findings of the Inquiry Officer was enjoined with a duty to record reasons therefor and record its own findings on the said charge that the evidence was sufficient for the purpose as required under Rule 10(3) of the Railway Servants (Discipline & Appeal) Rules, 1968 (for short the Rules). It was further held by the Tribunal that there was no finding with regard to endorsements of work rendered by Appellant between 1978 to B 1986 contained in the service card of Appellant are inaccurate in particulars.

Respondent herein preferred a Writ Petition before the Madhya Pradesh High Court thereagainst wherein, inter alia, it was contended that a finding of fact having been arrived at by the disciplinary authority that the service card was fake, the Tribunal could not have interfered therewith. It was further contended that only because the entries therein were in relation to the service by Respondent-Appellant, the same by itself was not a fresh ground for overturning the finding of the disciplinary authority. The High Court agreed _with the said contentions and allowed the Writ Petition, inter alia, holding:-

"The Inquiry Officer surmised that as the entries in the service card was not issued by the PW-I, Ganj Basoda, when he submitted the first report. Therefore, the Disciplinary Authority wanted him to give specific findings thereon and he gave further finding that the card was a fake. "Therefore, the second inquiry report is virtually a continuation of the first inquiry report and the second report rightly considered the charge and recorded appropriate findings therein which he had failed to do in the first report. The fact that the first respondent might have served as Casual Labourer in the year 1978 and again from 1981 to 1983 and from 1985 to 1989 as per the endorsements contained in the service card, to repeat, is not relevant. The charge was not that the first respondent did not serve during that periods. The charge was that he p obtained fake service card where several entries were genuinely made. It is apparent that when such entries were made in the years 198 t and 1985, the authorities were not aware that the service card was a fake. Only when it was sent for verification to the authority who is said to have issued the service card, it was found that the service card was not issued by that office and it was realized that it was a fake." G The short question which falls for our consideration is application of sub-Rules (2) and (3) of Rule lO of the Rules.

Rules were framed by the Union of India in exercise of its jurisdiction under the proviso appended to Article 309 of the Constitution of India. Sub- H

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A Rules (2) and (3) of Rule IO of the Rules read thus:-

"IO. Action on the Inquiry report.

(I) ...

(2) The disciplinary authority, if it is not itself the inquiring authority B may, for reasons to be recorded by it in writing, remit the case to the inquiring authority for further inquiry and report and the inquiring authority shall thereupon proceed to hold further inquiry according to the provisions of Rule 9 as far as may be.

(3). The disciplinary authority shall, if it disagrees with the findings of. c .the inquiring authority. on any article of charge, regards its reasons for such disagreement and record its own findings on such charge, if the evidence on record, is sufficient for the purpose."

Indisputably the Inquiry Officer was enjoined with a duty to enquire into the charges of misconduct levelled against Appellant. He enquired into the matter. He found that the contents of the service card were correct. In other words, the particulars in regard to the period of work, place of work and . the nature of work entered into therein were correct. It might not have been recorded that the service card was genuine or fake but substance of the allegation againstAppellant was as to whether he had obtained an appointment by using a fake service card.

The disciplinary authority merely sent a demi-official letter to the Inquiry Officer. He did not pass any order. The file was sent back to him for a clear remark on every point of charges framed against Appellant. It could not have been either an order passed in terms of sub-Rule (2) of Rule I 0 or sub-Rule F (3) thereof. The disciplinary authority was a statutory authority. He was, therefore, hound to act within the four comers of the statute. Procedures relating to conduct of a disciplinary proceeding. have been laid down. by the Rules. He was bound to follow the same scmpulously. It is one thing to say that he wanted the Inquiry Officer to state the points to clear the said findings G arrived at by him on each of the charges separately, but he did not have his jurisdiction to issue the direction under either of the sub-rules of Rtile I 0. Inquiry Officer held a further enquiry in furtherance of the direction of the disciplinary authority. He proceeded on the basis that his Disciplinary .. Authority required him to hold further enquiry. Inquiry Officer, therefore, pursuant thereto or in furtherance of the said Jetter dated 2: 1.1993 issued· by H

MATHURA PRASAD v. U.0.1. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 271 the disciplinary authority could not have arrived at a different finding, when no further opportunity was given to Appellant herein and no reason was recorded therefor. Even in his report dated 21.12.1993 he arrived at the conclusion that the service card was forged only because the purported card had not been issued by RTI (Sec), Ganj Basoda. I

Whether any of the entries contained in the said card was correct or not, was not verified. It could not have been held to have no relevance for arriving at a finding that the same was a forged one.

Curiously the disciplinary authority in its order dated 26.4.1994, inter alia, recorded:- c "I have decided to impose upon you the penalty of compulsory retirement/removal/dismissal from service. You are therefore, ~ompulsorily retired/removed/dismissed from service with ... "

The punishment proposed was vague. The Tribunal, therefore, although relied on sub-Rule (3) of Rule 10, in our opinion, arrived at the right conclusion D as the matter having not been remitted to the disciplinary authority for a further inquiry under sub-Rule (2) of Rule 10 of the Rules, the same was illegal and without jurisdiction. It had not been disputed before us and it would be .. a mere repetition to state that the entries contained in the service record were correct. The High Court, therefore, may not be correct in arriving at its E, conclusion in its judgment.

The Inquiry Officer in his first report might not have specifically recorded his findings with reference to each of the charges levelled against Appellant but he arrived at a finding on analysis of the materials on record. If he was to differ with the said findings on the basis of any fresh materials, he was enjoined with a duty to grant another opportunity of hearing to Appellant.

Even ifthe Inquiry Officer had, in his first report, proceeded on surmises and conjectures as was observed by the High Court, the disciplinary authority could disagree with the said finding but it was, therefor, required to record its reasons. No reason was recorded. Sub-Rules (2) and (3) of Rule 10 aim at achieving the same purpose. If sufficient materials are not available on record, a direction for holding a further inquiry may be issued in terms of sub-Rule (2) ot' Rule 10 so as to enable the department to lead further evidence before him. For the said purpose also, reasons are required to be recorded by the disciplinary authority. An opportunity of hearing to the delinquent officer is H ,

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A required to be given. However, in the event, the disciplinary authority comes to the conclusion that the conclusion arrived at by the Inquiry Officer on the basis of materials placed by the parties are incorrect, he may disagree with the said findings but even, therefor, he is required to record reasons in support thereof. The requirement of sub-Rule (2) or sub-Rule (3) having not B been complied with, the Inquiry Officer could not have arrived at a different finding. The High Court unfortunately did not consider this aspect of the matter.

When an employee, by reason of an alleged act of misconduct, is sought to be deprived of his livelihood, the procedures laid down under sub- C Rules are required to be strictly followed. It is now well settled that a judicial review would lie even if there is an error of Jaw apparent on the face of the record. If statutory authority uses its power in a manner not provided for in the statute or passes an order without application of mind, judicial review would be maintainable. Even an error of fact for sufficient reasons may attract the principles of judicial review. D Shri SN. Chandra Shekhar & Anr. v. State of Karnataka & Ors., [2006] 3 SCC 208 wherein this Court held:-

"34. The Authority, therefore, posed unto itself a wrong question. What, therefore, was necessary to be considered by BOA was wt.ether the ingredients contained in Section 14-A of the Act were fulfilled and whether the requirements of the proviso appended thereto are satisfied. If the same had not been satisfied, the requilements of the law must be held to have not been satisfied. If there had been no proper application of mind as regards the requirements of Jaw, the State and the Planning Authority must be held to have misdirected themselves in law which would vitiate the impugned judgment.

35Copy pinpoint35. In Hindustan Petrolevm Corpn. ;.td. v. Darius Shapur Chenai, this Court referring to Cho/an Roadways Ltd. v. G. Thirugnanasambandam held: (SCC p. 637, para 14)

G 14. Even a judicial review on facts in certain situations may be available. In Cho/an Roadways Ltd v. G. Thirugnanasambandam, this Court observed: (SCC 253, paras 34-35)

'34 .. .It is now well settled that a quasi-judicial authority must pose unto itself a correct question so as to arrive at a correct finding of fact. A wrong question posed leads to a wrong answer.

- MATHURAPRASADv. U.0.1. [S.B. SINHA,J.] 273 In this case, furthermore, the misdirection in law committed by the Industrial Tribunal was apparent insofar as it did not apply the principle of res ipsa loquitur which was relevant for the purpose of this l:ase and, thus, failed to take into consideration a relevant factor and furthermore took into consideration an irrelevant fact not germane for determining the issue, namely, that the passengers of the bus were mandatorily required to be examined. The Industrial Tribunal further failed to apply the correct standard of proof in relation to a domestic enquiry, which is "preponderance of probability" and applied the standard of proof required for a criminal trial. A case for judicial review was, thus, clearly made out. ~

35. Errors of fact can also be a subject-matter of judicial review. (See E. v. Secy. of State for the Home Deptt). Reference in this connection may also be made to an interesting article by Paul P. Craig, Q.C. titled "Judicial Review, Appeal and Factual Error" published in 2004 Public Law, p. 788. "' D (See also Sonepat Coop. Sugar Mills Ltd. v. Ajit Singh, SCC paras 23 & 24.)

36Copy pinpoint36. Tht order passed by the statutory authority, it is trite, must be judged on the basis of the contents thereof and not as explained in affidavit. (See Bangalore Development Authority v. E R. Hanumaiah)."

The said dicta shall apply to the facts of the present appeal also.

The impugned judgment, therefore, cannot be sustained. The appeal is, thus, allowed. However, the matter is remitted to the disciplinary authority. It F may pass an appropriate order upon application of his mind afresh in the light of the observations made hereinabove. •

Appellant is entitled to costs. Counsel's fee assessed at Rs.15,000/-.

8.8.8. Appeal allowed.