VICE CHANCELLOR, G.B. PANT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ANR. v. DR. KEWALA NANO AND ORS. ETC.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

MRS. SUJATA V. MONOHAR, J. Civil Appeal No. 3751 of 1996 has been filed by the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar, in the State of U.P. against the judgment and order of the Al- B lahabad High Court under which Research Assistants working in the appellant-university haye been declared as entitled to payment of salary in the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600 and the subsequently revised pay-scale of Rs. 2200-4000 from the date from which the said pay-scales have been given to the Research Assistants of two other agricultural universities in the State, namely Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, c Faizabad and Chandrashekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Tech- nology, Kanpur. civil Appeal No. 6724 of 1996 is an appeal filed by the State of U.P. against the same judgment and order of the Allahabad High Court while Civil Appeal No. 3752 of 1996 is filed by the Association of Teachers in the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology D against the same judgment and order of the Allahabad High Court.

In the appellant-university there are two cadres in the research wing. There is a cadre of Research Assistants and there is cadre of Senior Research Assistants. Prior to 1.4.1978 the minimum qualification prescribed for a Research Assistant was a B.Sc. degree while the minimum E qualification prescribed for a Senior Research Assistant was an M.Sc. degree. The scale of pay of Research Assistant was Rs. 350-700. With effect from 1.4.1978 the pay-scale of Research Assistants was revised to Rs. 500-900. The pay-scale of Rs. 700- 1600 which was given to Senior Research Assistants has been revised with effect from 1.1.1986 to Rs. 2200-4000. F It seems that the Research Assistants of the appellant-university agitated for the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600 instead of their pay-scale of Rs. 500-900 and they also claimed the revised pay-scale of Rs. 2200-4000 from 1.1.1986. Apparently the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600 was claimed because as per the recommendations of the University Grants Commission, the mini- G mum pay-scale for teachers was Rs. 700-1600. In respect of the agricultural universities which come under the Indian Council of Agricultural Re- search, the said council had, by its circular of 4.7.1977, informed the agricultural universities that assistance from the Indian Council of Agricul- tural Research would be available to all academic, research and extension H

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A staff who are recongnised as teachers under the universities', statutes. The Research Assistants in the appellant-university were, however, not recog- nised as teachers under the statutes of the appellant-university. Therefore, they were not given the U.G.C. pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600.

The Research Assistants of the appellant-university carried on an agitation and went on strike for being given the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600, later revised from 1.1.1986 to Rs. 2200-4000. It is the case of the appellant- university that giving in to this agitation the Boan! of Management of the appellant-university at its meeting held on 12.12.1989 declared the Re- search Assistants as teachers and resolved that they should be sanctioned the pay- scale of Rs. 700-1600 with effect from 1.4.1978, later revised to Rs. 2200-4000 on the date as fixed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The resolution further provided that this pay-scale would be available only to those who possess an M.Sc. degree and that the pay-scales would be admissible from the date from which the prescribed qualification of an M.Sc degree was obtained. The actual payment, however, in the said pay-scales would be from 1.12.1989 after fixing the salary notionally in the said pay-scales from 1.4.1978. The resolution further noted that the salary for the strike period shall not be paid and the period would be adjusted as specified in the resolution.

E The resolution has further noted the Joint Secretary, Agriculture's opinion that payment should be made only after the issue of Government Orders. This note is on account of the statutes of the University framed under Section 28(r) of the U.P. Act 45 of 1958. Under the Statutes which have been framed by the appellant-university, Clause 3(a) of Chapter 25 provides for emoluments of the academic staff. It provides that the emolu- F ments of the academic staff shall be such as may be approved by the Board of Management on the basis of the recommendations of the University Grants Commission provided that no grants to meet any portion of the emoluments shall be admissible from the State Government unless their prior Wl'itten approval to the proposed emoluments is obtained by the Vice G Chancellor and placed before the Board. The appellant-university, there- fore, required prior approval of the State Government for granting the •' above emoluments to the Research Assistants after declaring them as teachers and, therefore, a part of the academic staff, in order to be eligible for a grant for this purpose from the State Government.

H Pursuant to the Board resolution of 12.12.1989, an order was issued

VICE CHANCELLOR v. DR. K. NAND [SUJATA V. MANO HAR, J.) 555

by the university through the office of the Chief Personnel Officer dated A 16.12.1989. Clause (l)(ka) of the order stated that all those Research Assistants who were appointed on regular basis on 1.4.1978 or before and . who possess a Masters degree in the second division in the related field or its equivalent, are sanctioned the benefit of the pay-scale of Rs. 700- 1600/2200-4000 on the conditions prescribed in the order and in anticipa- tion of the sanction of the State Government. The arrears would be payable B on receipt of the required contribution grant from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research/State Government. The order expressly stated that it was purely provisional and was being implemented in anticipation of the sanction of the State Government. It also stated that whatever were the final orders received from the State Government would be applied. Pur- C suant to this order the Research Assistants were paid the new pay-scales from December 1989 to March 1990. On 25.4.1990 the university issued an order. staying the resolution of 12.12.1989 including the declaration that Research Assistants were teachers.

The appellant-university received a letter from the State Government D dated 23.12.1990 conveying to the university that the Governments sanction could not be accorded to the grant of U.G.C. pay-scale of Rs. 700- 1600/2200-4000 to Research Assistants. Sanction was also not accorded to the declaration of Research Assistants as teachers. However, by a letter dated 7.3.1991 addressed to the Vice Chancellor of the appellant-university E the State Government conveyed to the appellant-university the sanction of the State Government to the revision of pay-scale of Research Assistants in the following manner:-

(1) Rs. 500-900 upto 31.12.1985; (2) Rs. 1740-3000 w.e.f. 1.1.1986 to 11.12.1989; and F (3) the pay-scale of Rs. 2200-4000 w.e.f. 12.12.1989 to the Research Assis- tants, Technical Assistants and Extension Assistants of the appellant- university who possessed the academic qualification of M.Sc. with a minimum of second class as prescribed by the U.G.C. and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. G

c:i The letter further stated that this benefit would be available to all such incumbents who were in position on 1.4.1978 or earlier. We are not concerned with the other terms and conditions of that order.

Since pay-scales as per the order of the university dated 16.12.1989 H

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A were discontinued after March 1990 the Research Assistants filed a writ petition in May 1990 before the Allahabad High Court claiming the pay- scales of Rs. 700-1600/2200-4000. The High Court by the impugned order has allowed these pay-scales mainly on the ground that such pay-scales had been made available to the Research Assistants in the other two agricul- B tural universities in the State, namely, the said university at Kanpur and the said university at Faizabad.

The appellants have pointed out that the High Court's assumption that Research Assistants in the other two universities are given the said higher pay-s::ales or that they are occupying a position comparable to the position of Research Assistants in the appellant-university, is unwarranted. In the appellant-university there are two separate cadres of Research Assistants and Senior Research Assistants. The minimum qualification for the former is a B.Sc. degree in agriculture and other allied subjects while the minimum qualification for the latter is an M.Sc. degree in agriculture or other allied subjects. The pay-scales of the two cadres are also different. It is the cadre of the Senior Research Assistants who possess an M.Sc. degree, that is given the pay- scale of Rs. 700-1600 which later became Rs. 2200-4000. The Research Assistants are required to possess only a B.Sc. degree and they were given the pay-scale of Rs. 500-900. It has been later increased to the pay-scale of Rs. 1740-3000 with effect from 1.1.1986 for those who possess an M.Sc. qualification, and Rs. 2200-4000 with effect from 12.12.1989 to those who possess an M.Sc. qualification. The respon- dents want the pay-scale of Rs. 2200-4000 and its earlier corresponding scale of Rs. 700-1600 from 1.4.1978 on the basis that the Research Assis- tants in the other two agricultural universities get it. However, from the documents on record, it appears that the position of Research Assistants in the Kanpur and Faizabad Universities is not comparable to the position of Research Assistants in the appellant-university.

Both in Kanpur and Faizabad Universities, the persons who were in the subordinate agricultural service of the State Government in Groups I, G II and III were transferred and absorbed in the said two universities. In the subordinate agricultural service, out of the three Groups, Groups I and• II require a minimum qualification of B.Sc. in agriculture while Group III requires a minimum qualification of an intermediate in agriculture. The old pay- scale:; for Groups II and III were Rs. 280-460 and Rs. 230-385 H respectively. Persons belonging to Groups II and III when absorbed as

VICE CHANCELLOR v. DR. K. NANO [SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J.) 557

Research Assistants in the Kanpur Agricultural University were, if they A possessed a B.Sc. degree, designated as Research Assistants and were given the pay-scale of Rs. 500-850 which was later changed to Rs. 500-900 which is the same pay- scale given to Research Assistants in the appellant- university. In respect of those formerly belonging to Group I drawing a ,· salary in the pay-scale of Rs. 350-700, if they possessed an M.Sc. degree, they were given the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600 in the Kanpur Agricultural B University. There were also certain Senior Research Assistants who were in the Government Service drawing a pay-scale of Rs. 350-700 like persons in Group I. These were also given the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600, if they possessed an M.Sc. degree. c In fact, the Research Assistants in Kanpur University had filed a writ petition claiming that they should also be given the pay- scale of Rs. 700-1600/2200-4000. The Allahabad High Court, by its order dated 11.8.1995 has directed the State Government to reconsider their repre- sentation. Therefore, the position of Research Assistants in the Agricul- D tural University at Kanpur is not comparable to the position of Research Assistants in the appellent-university.

In the Agricultural University at Faizabad also persons belonging to subordinate agriculture service in the State were transferred and absorbed in the said university. Those who were in Groups II and III of the subor- E dinate agriculture service drawing old pay of Rs. 280-460 and Rs. 230-385, were absorbed as Research Assistants in the U.G.C. pay-scale of Rs. 500-900, if they possessed a B.Sc. in agriculture. There were also some posts of Senior Research Assistants in the pay-scale of Rs. 350-700. These persons were given the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600. In the Agricultural F University at Faizabad also there were no two separate cadres of Research Assistants and Senior Research Assistants with their own qualifications and pay.

Therefore, the High Court has proceeded on a wrong assumption that all Research Assistants in the other universities were given from G inception the pay-scale of Rs. 700-1600. In the other two universities, there was no separate cadre of Senior Research Assistants. Therefore, those possessing an M.Sc. degree were given a higher pay-scale as set out above. Those possessing a .B.Sc. degree were given the pay-scale of Rs. 500-900 which was also the pay-scale of Research Assistants in the appellant H

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A University at the relevant time. When there are two separate cadres of Research Assistants and Senior Research Assistants, the pay of the two cannot be directed to be identical when separate minimum qualifications are prescribed and there is a separate selection for these two cadres. Nevertheless, the Research Assistants in the appellant-university have, in B fact, been given, with the approval of the Government, the same pay-scale as Senior Research Assistants with effect from 12.12.1989 if they possess an M.Sc. degree after they were declared as teachers. There is no legal basis for the claim of the Research Assistants for the same pay- scale for the period 1.4.1978 to 12.12.1989.

C The State of U.P. in C.A. No. 6724 of 1996 has supported the stand of the appellant-university. The State has pointed out that no retrospective operation can be given to the declaration of Research Assistants as teachers for the purpose of pay-scales without the approval of the State Government. The University had also stayed the declarations till the orders D of the State Government. Therefore, the State Government has given a prospective application to the declaration by granting to the Research Assistants the pay-scale of Rs. 2200-4000, if they possess an M.Sc. degree, with effect from 12.12.1989, the date of declaration.

E The third Civil Appeal No. 3752of1996 is filed by Professors, Junior and Senior Research Officers and Subject-matter Specialists who form a part of the teaching staff of the appellant-university because they ap- prehended that by reason of the said impugned judgment of the Allahabad High Court Research Assistants would get seniority over the teaching staff of the appellant-university and would claim benefit of various allowances, F accommodation etc. on the basis of that seniority. The State Government, however, even while granting U.G.C. scale of Rs. 700-1600 to Senior Research Assistants with effect from 1.4.1978, has by its G.O. of 6.6.1981 made it clear that Senior Research Assistants, even if they get the pay-scale of Rs. 700- 1600 with effect from 1.4.1978 will not rank as Senior to G Assistant Professors, Junior and Research Officers appointed prior to 1.4.1978. The university has also stated that Research Assistants will not -- rank above Assistant Professors etc. in seniority for allotment of housing and other benefits even if some of them draw a higher salary, because they belong to a separate cadre. Since we are setting aside the impugned H judgment of the Allahabad High Court the seniority of the teaching staff

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of the appellant-university consisting of Assistant Professors etc. is not A affected in any manner.

In the premises, the appeals are allowed and the impugned judgment and order of the Allahabad High Court is set aside and the writ petition before the Allahabad High Court is dismissed. There will, however, be no order as to costs. B R.K.S. Appeals allowed.