RAJENDRA SINGH YADAV AND ORS. v. STATE OF U.P. AND ORS.

H The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

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RANG ANATH MISRA, J. Special leave granted. A This bunch of cases either by special leave or under Article 32 of the Co.nstitution is by a set of Lekhpals serving in the State of Uttar Pradesh whose services have been terminated. Their Writ Petitions to the High Court have not been entertained on the ground that alternate relief is available before the U.P. Public Services Tribunal set up B under U.P. Act No. 17 of 1976. In the Civil Appeal arising out of Special Leave Petition No. 8826 of 1982 the High Court examined the question at length as to whether the jurisdiction of the High Court has been taken away by the setting up of the Services Tribunal under the U .P. Act. We have heard counsel for the parties at some length as apart from this group of cases, some other cases involving the same question have also been heard and those matters have been disposed c of excepting this bunch. On merit, we are of the view that the decisions of the High Court shb.ild be vacated and in each case the dispute shall 'stand transferred to the Services Tribunal for disposal in accordance with law. The Tribunal shall dispose of these cases within six months from the date of the receipt of this order. D

We are at the view, as we have already indicated elsewhere, that the Services Tribunal set up under the U.P. Act No. 17/76 should be withdrawn and an appropriate tribunal under the Central Administra- .tive Tribunals Act of 1985 should be set up. Such a Tribunal if con- stituted would be in accord with the service jurisprudence which is developing. Several States have already constituted such Tribunals under the Central Act.

-- The Tribunal set up under the Central Act is deemed to be one in terms of Article 323A of the Constitution. When such a Tribunal is set up the High Court's jurisdiction in regard to service disputes is taken away and the Tribunal functions as a substitute of the High Court. More or less this service jurisprudence has almost gained ground and there is no justification as to why the Services Tribunal of a different pattern should operate in the State of Uttar Pradesh with inadequate powers to deal with every situation arising before it. A Tribunal set up under the Central Administrative Tribunals Act would have plenary powers to deal with every aspect of the.dispute and would be in accord with the current thinking on this subject-matter at different levels. We are, therefore, of the view that the U.P. Services Tribunal should be substituted by a Tribunal under the Central Administrative Tribunals Act as early as possible in order that there may be uni- formity of functioning and the High Court may be relieved of the H

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A burden of dealing with the service disputes as is the situation at present.

In course of the hearing, a statement showing yearwise institu- tion, disposal and pendency before the Public Services Tribunals has been placed before us and we extract the same for convenience: B STATEMENT SHOWING THE YEARWISE DISPOSAL, FILING AND PENDING CASES BEFORE THE PUBLIC SERVICE TRIBUNALS

Year No. of Opening Cases filed Total Disposal Closing Tribunals Balance during the during year Balance c year

1977 Two 2568 2156 4724 1744 2980 D 1978 Three 3700 6834 10534 4761 5773 1979 Four 5773 2710 8483 2826 5657 1980 Five 5657 2690 8347 2689 5658 1981 Five 5658 3192 865 I 2290 6561 E 1982 Five 6561 3072 9633 1718 7915 1983 Five 7915 2206 10121 1988 8133 1984 Five 8133 2461 10594 1178 9416

A cursory analysis would show that while in 1977 two Tribunals only F were functioning, in 1984 as many as five Tribunals came to be set up. The chart indicates that while institutions have sizeably fallen or remained more or less constant, there has been rapid fall in the dis- posal of cases. For instance, while in 1978, 4,761 cases have been disposed of, in the years 1982 and 1984 the numbers have been 1,718 and 1,178 respectively. Even five Tribunals in place of two have ob- G viously not been meeting the mounting challenge of institutions. Learned counsel for the State of Uttar Pradesh was not able to indicate any specific reason as to why while the strength of Tribunals went up there was a proportionate fall in the disposals. Again we find that 50 to 60% of the institutions are being attended to which certainly would lead accumulation to mount up. These aspects require to be noticed H seriously and the State Government should have applied its mind if

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any system of review was in force. Apparently, the performance was A not being reviewed either by the Tribunal itself or by any other agency.

We have been told that the Services Tribunal mostly consists of Administrative Officers and the judicial element in the manning part of the Tribunal is very small. As was pointed out by us in S. P. Sampath B Kumar v. Union of India & Ors., [1987] I SCC 124, the disputes require judicial handling and the adjudication being essentially judi- cial in character it is necessary that an adequate number of Judges of ) the appropriate level should man the Services Tribunals. This would create the appropriate temper and generate the atmosphere suitable in an adjudicatory Tribunal and the institution as well would command the requisite confidence bf the disputants. We have indicated in the c connected matter that steps should be taken to replace the Services Tribunals by Tribunals under the Central Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985. That would give the Tribunal the necessary colour in terms of Article 323A of the Constitution. As a consequence of setting up of such Tribunals, the jurisdiction of the High Court would be D taken away and the Tribunals can with plenary powers function appropriately. The disputes which have arisen on account of the Services Tribunals not having complete jurisdiction to deal with every situation arising before it would then not arise.

We have pointed out that notice has been issued in a later case E ·-- ....... for the State's response to the question of Tribunals to be located at different parts of the State. State of Uttar Pradesh territorially is the second largest State in India but considering the population it comes first. Almost every part of the State is well advanced and service y litigation in such setting is likely to arise everywhere. To locate the seat of the Tribunals at the State capital in such a situation is not appropriate. The accepted philosophy relevant to the question today is that justice should be taken to everyone's doors. This, of course, is not a statement which should be taken literally but undoubtedly the red- ressal forum should be available nearabout so that litigation may be cheap and the forum of ventillating grievance may not be difficult to approach. Keeping that in view which is a legitimate consideration it would be appropriate for the State Government to consider, firstly, increase in the number of Benches of the Tribunal and secondly, to _, locate them not at the same station but at various sectors or depending upon the number of institution of disputes and pendency at the level of independent Commissionerate or by clubbing two or three of them together. This, of course, is a matter which would require further H

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A examination at the administrative level and, therefore, we express no opinion regarding location of such Tribunal although we are of the definite view that there should be Tribunals available in different parts '7r of the State and all the Benches of the Tribunal should not be located at one place. B The writ petitions and the civil appeals are disposed of with these directions·.

N.P.V. Petition & Appeals disposed of. (