·COMMISStON!lR OF WEALTH-TAX ORISSA, BHUBANESHW AR. v. VYSYARAJU . BADREENARAYANA MOOR THY RAJU BERHAMPUR (GANJAM).

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by H ll

sb~aliMh etlbat REPORtS l19ssj 3s.c.ti PATHAK, J, : These references under s.27(!) of the Wealth tax A Act, 1957 have been made by the Income Tax Appellate 1ribunal, Cuttack Bench at the instance of the Commissioner of Wealth Tax, Orissa for the opinion of this Court on the following question of law:

B "Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Wealth Tax Officer was in law justified in including in the net wealth of the assessee interest due on accrual basis (though not realised) on the outstandings of the money- lending business, the accounts of the assessee being maintai- ned on cash basis ?".

The respondent assessee was assessed to wealth tax for the assessment years 1965-66, 1966·67 and 1967-68 (the respective valua-. tion dates being March 31, 1965, March 31, 1966 and March 31, 1967), in the status of a 'Hindu Undivided Family. In each of the assessments, the Wealth Tax Officer included a sum !of Rs. 1,50,000 D estimated as the accrued interest on the assessee's money-lending investments. The assessee appealed to the Appellate Assistant Com- missioner and urged that as it maintained its books of account in accordance with the cash system of accounting the accrued interest on the money-lending investments could pot be included in the wealth-tax assessments. The contention found favour with the E Appellate Assistant Commissioner, and accordingly he deleted the additions of Rs. 1,50,000 representing accrued interest. In doing · so the Appellate Assistant Commissioner followed "Commissioner Of Wealth-tax Bihar and Orissa v. Vysyaraju Badreenarayana Moorthy Raju (Orissa)(I).

The Wealth Tax Officer appealed to the Appellate Tribunal and contended that accrued interest was liable to be included in the . wealth-tax assessments of the asscssee. The Wealth Tax Officer sought support from a judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in · Vedreva Venkappa Rao v. Commissioner of Wealth-tax( 2) A.P. The App.ellate Tribunal observed that the judgment of the Orissa High Court was binding on it, and accordingly by a consolidated order dated April 3, 1972, it dismissed the appeals. The Commissio- ner of Wealth Tax applied under sub-s. (1) of s. 27 of the Wealth ' (I) [1971] 79 I.T.R. 330. (2) (1968) 69 I.T.R. 552.

e.w.+. v. v.11. MWu (Puthak, J.) -'tu Act for a reference ·or the casts· to this Court in view or the -conflict of opinion between the Oris•a High Court and the Andhra ·Pradesh High Court, and so these. references, have been-made. ' ·. -'-. i ~

The question can be disposed'. of shortly. 'under s. 30f the Wealth Tax Act, wealth tax. is charged for every assessment. year • in· respect of the net wealth of the assessee on the corresponding · _ valuation date. The expression "net wealth" is defined· by cl.' (m) · of s.2 of the Act as "the amount by which the aggregate value.;;,;.:•.. or all the assets, wherever located, belonging: to. the 'assessee on the : valuation· date...:.: .. :.~ .... ls in e~i:ess 'of the aggregate value ~of ~II - the debts owed . . . by the assessee .on the valuation . date ......... " .

'Aceording to the scheme or th~ Wealth T~x A~( 11i~-~~t 0

wealth · of an assessee has to · be determined as ·it obtains on a particular date. That is the "valuatiori' date".· Clause. (q) ofs:2 defines the expression -"valuati~n date" as fono.:.:s_:...:.. . · : .. , · .. .. - ~ ' . . . -· .,_ (' . ''. J:. 'b "(q) _Valuation date, in, relation to any year, for which ari assessment is to be mademiiler. this Act, me~ns'.the _ _ lasiday of the previ~us year as 'defined in (Secticiii'3) ' - of the Income..Tax Act,' if an assessmen'i were . to be made under th:a_t Act for tlia t }'ear ; ; ' -. I ·: ' •'

Provided that_: · · .·.;: . 'J ,:·,-..

: - (i) '· Where' in the CaSe Of an _aSSCSSeC there are different I '; • previous years under the · Iricome Tax Act·for different· - ..,..._ sources of income,· ihe v~Iuation· date for-the purposes ., I of this Act shali' be th'e last day of the Iasi of the p~e- - F • vious years aforesaid;' ,.. - :· -•· ' . ''- · · · ' .. · ·, -'. =··!. ,_1 • .:·; (ii) in the case · of a person who · is not an asseisee within·-' : the meaning" of the Income Tax Act;· the valuation " date for the purposes 'of· this Act shall be the 31st day'' of March immediately ' preceding the" assessment '' G year; ' -' . .~; .. - . . ' '.. ~~ . '.)}

(iii) where an assessment is made iri pursuance of se~iio~ .· 19A, the valuation date shall be the same valuation " date as would have b~en adopted in respect of the net wealth of the deceased if he were alive."

310 sut1RiiMB cotJRf Riii!oR rs t19ssi 3s.c.it A The computation of the net wealth of an assessee calls for a determination of his assets and debts as on the valuation date. The definition embodied in the substantive part of cl. (q) of s.2 indicates that broadly Parliament has fixed upon the last day of the ' "previous year", as defined under the Income Tax Act, as the valuation date. The figure of net wealth of the assessee at the end B of the "previous year" takes into account the financial activities of the assessee during that "previous year". His financial activities during that period determine how his net wealth on a particular . valuation date differs from his net wealth on the immediately preceding valuation date. There is an obvious advantage in adopt- ing as the valuation date the last day of a period which is also the c relevant period under the Income Tax Act. The reasons for defining the valuation date in terms of the last day of the income tax "pre- vious year" stop there. The system of accounting, mercantile or cash or hybrid, is of no relevance for the purpose of determining the assets of the assessee. That. appears plainly from the definition or "net wealth" which speaks of"the aggregate value ..................... of D all the assets" belonging to the assessee on the valuation date. All the assets of the assessee, bar those expresely excepted by the statute, are to be taken into acc'ount, and it is immaterial whether the assessee employs one system of accounting or another. There is clear indication that the assets to be considered are not circum- E scribed by any consideration of the particular system of accounting adopted by the assessee. The assets are not confined to cash. Where the asset is an asset other than cash, its value is determined pursuant to sub-s. (I) of s.7 as the estimated price, which, in the opinion of the Wealth Tax Officer,· the asset would fetch if sold in the open market on the valuation date. In other words, it would be the estimated open market value of the rights in the property which constitute the asset. When we speak of the value of a pro- perty, on a legal plane we refer to the value of the rights in that • property. It is apparent that what accrues as a right also falls to be included within the assets of an assessee under the Wealth Tax Act. That being so, the conclusion is inescapoble that even though the accounts of the assessee are maintained on cash basis interest due on accrual basis, though not realised, on the outstandings of the money lending business are liable to be included in the net wealth of the assessee. In this view of the matter, we approve of the opinion expressed by the Andhra Pradesh High Court in. Vedrevu Venkappa Rao (supra)

C.W.T. v. V.B.M. RAJU (Pathak, J.) 311

and in Commissioner of Wealth' Tax, A.P.-I v. Pachigolla Narasimha A Rao(l) and the Calcutta High Court in Dlpti Kumar Basu v. Com- missioner of Wealth Tax, West Bengal(') and hold that the view taken by the Orissa High Court in Commissioner of Wealth tax v. Vysyilraju Badreenarayana Moorrhy Raju (Orissa) (supra) and by the Karnataka High Court in'A. T. Mirji v. Commissioner of Wealth-Tax, Karnataka(') cannot be accepted. B

In the result, the question is answered in the affirmative, in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee. There is no order -as to costs.

N.V.K. Appeal allowed

(-1) (1982) 134 I.T.R. 640 • . (2) (1976) !OS I.T.R. 4SO, m (1980) i~~ l,T,R. 93,