.., UNION or v. INDIA & ORS.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

VBNKATARAMIAll, J. The Delhi Veterinary AssociatJon is the H petitioneF in the above case. It is an association of veterinary doctors who are residing in the Uuion Territory · of Delhi. By ~ this petition ilnde.r Article 32 of the Constitution, the petitioner

DELHI VETERINARY ASSN. v. UNION (Venkataramiah, J.) 4ll • is seeking relief in respect of Veterinary Assistant Surgeons work- A i~g in the office of the Development Commissioner, Delhi Administration, Delhi; who are its members. It is alleged that these Veterinary Assistant Surgeons have- been denied ti1e benefit of the principle of 'equal pay for equal work' incorporated in Artide 39 (d) of the. Constirution and that there bas been viola- tion of their fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 14 and Article 15 of the Constitution because their scale of salary is lower than the pay scale of Veterinary Assistant Surgeons employed by . tlie Union Territory of Chandigarh or by the Central Government in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (I.TB.P.) and in the Border Security Force (B.S.F) It is .also alleged that the Veterinary Assistant Surgeoqs are persons who have obtained Bachelor's c Degree in Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & A.H.) from colleges· of veterinary medicine and the minimum qualifications for entering the said course are more or less the same as those prescribed for M.B.B.S. or B.D.S. Examinations. They would be taught in the colleges of veterinary medicine inter alia subjects like Biochtmistry, Pharmacology & Toxicology; D Bacteriology, Pathology, Hygiene,. Parasitology, Surgery, Radio- logy, Clinical & Preventive medicine, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and additionally Animal Husbandry. Some of them, it is stated, have also undergone some special courses after thefr degree. Having regard fo the period of study in the college and the subjects taught the)' claim that they are almost equal to those who have obtained E M.B.B.S.-and B.D.S. degrees. It is alleged· that whereas the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in tho Union Territory of Chandigarh were .paid salary in the pay scale of Rs. 850-1700 on the basis of.the pay scale prevailing in the adjoining State of Punjab and the Veterinary Assistant F Surgeons in the Union Territories of Arunacbal Pradesh and Mizoram were paid in the pay scale of Rs. 550-900, the Veteri- ·;nary ··Assistant Surgeons of the Union· Territo'ry of Delhi were given pay in the pay scale of Rs. 425-750· from January l, 1973 and on a represerttation being made by tJiem, their pay scale was G modified to Rs. 550-900 with effect from 'November 2, 1977 as was being paid in the Union Territories of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram with effect from January 1, 1973 even though the· Ministry of Agriculture had recoml\lendcd that their pay scale should be revised to Rs. 650-1200. The petitioner .contends that · even now the disparity between their pay scale and the pay scale H 9f ~Jie Veterinary Assistant Suri~eons of the Union 1errito1?' of

432 SUPREM!l COURT REPORTS [1984.J 3 S.C;R, A Chanigarli and of I.T.B.P. and B.S'.F. which is fixed at Rs. 650- 1200 persists. On the basis of the abo_ve aliegation.s the petitioner prays that a direction should be issued to the respondents to treat the Veterinary Assistant Surgeb_ns or'the Delhi Administra- tion at par with the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons of Chandigarh, • I.TB P. and B.S.F . B A counter affidavit is fil'd on beh1lf of the Union Govern- ment denying many of the aliegations in the petition an<i in parti- . crilat the recommendation said to have been m1de by the .ministry , of Agriculture.

The Developtneut CommissiOner, Delhi has fifod a counter affidavit justifying the impugned pay scale and at the 11ame time he has pleaded that this is a matter which should be allowed to- be examined by the Fourth Pay Commission. .In view' of the latter plea, we feel that it is not appropriate to deal with the merits of tho claim of the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons Of Delhi . in the course of this order although we feel tharprima facie their grievance appears to he a legitimate one. Since any alteration in their pay scales ;vould ·involve modification of the pay scales of officers in the higher cadres in the same department and in the corresponding cadres in other departments, the work of refixation of the pay scale should not ordinarily be under.taken by the Court • at this stage because the Fourth Pay Commission is required to co.nsider the '{ery same question after taking into consideration all the relevant aspects.

In addition to the principle of 'equal pay for equal work', the pay structure , of the employees of the Government should F· reflect many other social values. Apart from belng the dominant " employer, the Government is also expected 'to be a model I employer. It has, therefore, to follow certain basic principles in fixing the pay sc.ales of various posts and cadres in the Govern- ment service. The. degree of skill, strain of work, e~perience involved, training required, responsibilily undertaken, mental and . j G physical requirements, disagreeableness of the task, hazard atten- dant on work and fatigue _involved are, according to the Third Pay· Commission, some of the relevant factors which should be taken into consideration in fixing pay scales. The method of recruitment, the level at which the initial recruitment is·made in the hierarchy of service or cadre, minimum educational and techniGal qualifications prescribed for the post, the nature of dealin~s with the public, avenues of 1'toinotion available and hori-

DELm VETERINARY ASSN. v. UNION (Venkdtararniah, J.) 433 .

zontijl and vertical relativity with othor jobs in the same service A· or outside are also relevant factors.

Atthe same time while fixing the pay scales, the paying capa- ~· citY of the Government, the total financial burden which has to be borne by the general public, the disparity between the incomes of the Government. employees and the incomes ·of those who are B not in Government service and the net amount available for Government at the current taxation level, which appears to be ' very high when compared with other countries in the world, for developmental purposes 11fter paying the salaries and allowances to· the Government' servants hwe also to be bonie in mind. These are, however, not exhanstive of the various matter& which c should be considered while fixing the pay scales. There may be ma,ny ,others including geographical considerations.

Above .1111, it should be noted that the work of a Pay Commis- sion . does not really mean an increase of Rs. 100 here or D. recommending an additional allowance of Rs. SO there. It does also mean a mere reduction of the number of pay. scales or an attempt at the reduction of the gap between the highest pay scale and the lowest pay scale It is a big exerc;jse in gearing up the national economy to secure the highest good to the milli1ms of our countrymen. Jn. an egalitari;m society based on planned E economy it is imperative that there should be an evolution and . implementation of .a scientific national ."policy of incomes, wages and prices which would be applicable not merely to Government ;' services but also to the other· sectors of the national economy, As far as possible the needs of a family unit have to be borne in mind 'in fixing the wage seales. The 'needs' are nQt static. They include adequate nutrition, medical .facilities, clothing, housing F .. ' education, cultural activities etc. Any provision made while fixing the pay scales for the development of a society of healthy and well educated children irrespective of the economic position I of the parents is only an investment and not just an item. of exp~nditure. In these days of gallopping inflation, care should G alsq be taken to see that what is fixed today as an adequate pay scale does not become inadequate within a short period by pro- viding an automatic mechanism for the modification of the pay scale. H The duties of a Pay <:;ommission are really onerous. - But we ~ave no doubt that the Fo11rth Pay Comission will keep in view ' . '

434• SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1984] 3 s.c.R. A all the relevant considerations, some of which are referred to above, whjfo dealihg with the complex problem of determining · the equitab!; pay SCljles for the vast number of employees of the · Central Government and of the Union Territories. We have also no douht tltat the Fourth Pay Commission will not just be another B Pay Commission as in the past but will lay down sound principles · regarding the salary structure of the public services.

In the above sittiiti()n, we do not feel called upon to decide in isolation the question of discrimination raised before us. This ,. c is a matter which should be left to be decided by the Government on,,_ the basis of the recommendations ..of the Fourth Pay 'Commis- S!OQ. . ,• . . . ' "

It was, however, urged that since the Fourth Pay Commission· D would not be making any recommendation in bspect of the period between 1973 and ;the dateon which the new. pay scales to be fiired on the recommendation ·of the Fourth Pay Commissloi: · would come.into force, the Court should. eons id er whether the VetetiJlary Assistant' Surgeons were entitled to any retrospecti'Vei beniftt in respect Qf the said' past·period. Having regard to the . !orig delay in approaching this Court after the fixation of their pay sca'e earlier, we do not propose to grant 11ny relief in respect . of that period. · F The. petition is,, therefore; dismis§ed. The petitioner is at liberty to make its representation befor tho .Fourth Pay Commis- sion to determine the pay scale of the' Veterinary Assistllnt Surgeons of Delhi. We a;re sure that the Fourth Pay Commls· •· '·' sion which js presidedoover by a former Judge of this Coiil'li would consider theii: representation sympathetically. G N.V.K. . Petition dis"!is:teif.